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🎓 GPA/CGPA Calculator for GGSIPU 📚 Semester GPA (SGPA) Subject Marks Grade Credits Action ➕ Add Subject 🧮 Calculate GPA 🏆 Cumulative GPA (CGPA) Semester GPA Credits Action ➕ Add Semester 📈 Calculate CGPA Download PDF GPA and CGPA Calculation Introduction The Semester Grade Point Average (SGPA) and Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) are metrics used to evaluate a student's academic performance over a semester and throughout the entire academic program, respectively. These calculations are based on the grades, grade points, and credits associated with each course. This guide explains the grading system, the formulas for calculating SGPA and CGPA, and the criteria for awarding degrees.

Understanding Accounting Made Easy: My Journey to Clarity Hey everyone! 🌟 I recently dove into the world of accounting, and let me tell you, it felt overwhelming at first. But with persistence and a practical approach, I finally gained clarity, and I want to share what I’ve learned so it might help others too! The Problem I couldn’t understand why the messages from my bank (like "Your account is credited with ₹5,000") seemed opposite when writing journal entries. It felt confusing to figure out which accounts to debit or credit. Bank Message vs. Accounting Entry Yes, this was a huge "aha!" moment for me. Here’s the explanation: When you receive money (message: "Your account is credited") : Bank's perspective : They have credited your account because they owe you more now. Your accounting entry (opposite): Debit : Bank Account (because your money increases). Credit : Sender or Income (because someone gave you money). When you pay...

How GPUs Work: A Journey Into Graphics Processing Ever wondered how your computer generates those stunning, lifelike video game graphics? It’s all thanks to your GPU, or Graphics Processing Unit, working tirelessly behind the scenes. Let's break down the complexity of GPUs into simple and relatable terms. 1. The Immense Power of a GPU Imagine playing a game like Cyberpunk 2077 . Your GPU is performing around 36 trillion calculations per second to create those lifelike environments! To put that in perspective: Running a game like Mario 64 from 1996 requires 100 million calculations per second . Minecraft in 2011? Around 100 billion calculations per second . Modern games like Cyberpunk 2077 demand computational power equivalent to 4,400 Earths of people , each performing a calculation every second. 2. GPUs vs. CPUs: A Simple Analogy CPU (Central Processing Unit) : Think of it as a jumbo jet —fast, flexible, and capable of handling diverse tasks. GPU (Graphics Process...

The Fascinating Journey of Microchip Manufacturing Microchips are the backbone of modern technology, powering everything from smartphones to supercomputers. Their creation is a marvel of engineering, combining nanoscopic precision with cutting-edge tools in highly controlled environments. This journey reveals how silicon wafers are transformed into the tiny yet powerful devices we rely on every day. The Foundation: How Transistors Are Made At the heart of every microchip are transistors, tiny switches that control data flow. These nanoscopic components are fabricated on silicon wafers using deposition, etching, and ion implantation. Modern FinFET transistors, measuring just 36x6x52 nanometers, offer exceptional efficiency and speed. Their 3D structure enables compact, energy-efficient designs essential for advanced computing. Nanoscopic Processes Inside the Microchip Fab Transistors and interconnects are built at an atomic level, requiring incredible precision. These processes t...

The Story of Syria’s Civil War: From Dictatorship to Chaos On a quiet morning in Syria’s Sednaya prison, a 63-year-old writer, Bashar Barhoom, awaited his fate. A supporter of Syria’s dictator, Bashar Al-Assad, Barhoum had been imprisoned seven months earlier after criticizing Iran for exploiting the Syrian people. On that fateful day, Barhoom was minutes away from execution. But when the door opened, it wasn’t the Syrian security forces—it was the rebels. The opposition had overthrown Assad’s regime, and Barhoum, along with others destined for death, walked free. This single act of liberation marked the culmination of decades of oppression, rebellion, and conflict that transformed Syria into a battleground for ideologies, superpowers, and survival. The Roots of the Syrian Crisis Syria’s struggles began long before the civil war. Following independence from French rule in 1946, the country faced instability due to its diverse religious and ethnic composition. Sunni Muslims formed ...

Why the Dollar Became the Global Currency: A Historical and Geopolitical Tale The story of the U.S. dollar’s rise as the global currency is as much about history and economics as it is about power and influence. Let’s journey through time to understand how the dollar came to dominate the world. A World Before Currency Thousands of years ago, there was no such thing as currency. People traded goods through the barter system. If you had tomatoes and needed rice, you’d exchange your tomatoes with someone who had rice. While this worked for small transactions, it became a problem for larger trades. Goods like tomatoes and rice would spoil over time, making long-term trading difficult. To solve this, people began trading in durable goods like gold, silver, and copper. These metals didn’t spoil and could be stored for long periods. Lydia,(an Iron Age kingdom situated in the west of Asia Minor, in modern-day Turkey), was the first to mint coins from gold and silver, simplifying trade further....

Hey learners, here are some questions on Big Data Analytics Q- Explain the importance of counting frequent itemsets in a stream. What are the key considerations when dealing with streaming data in frequent itemset mining? Ans- The importance of counting frequent item sets in a stream lies in its applications across various domains. Frequent item sets help in identifying patterns and associations in streaming data, such as detecting anomalies, understanding consumer behavior, or optimizing operations in real-time. Key considerations when dealing with streaming data for frequent item set mining include: 1. Memory Management: Streaming data often exceeds memory capacity, requiring efficient algorithms that process data in chunks or maintain only summaries of data. 2. Scalability: Algorithms need to handle high-velocity data and adapt to increasing data volumes without performance degradation. 3. Approximation vs. Accuracy: Exact algorithms may not be feasible for streaming data. Approxima...

Basics of NumPy NumPy is a Python library for numerical computations. It provides support for arrays, matrices, and various mathematical operations. Key functions: np.array() - Creates an array. np.mean(), np.median(), np.std() - Statistical calculations. np.linspace() and np.arange() - Create sequences. np.dot() - Matrix multiplication. --- Basics of Pandas Pandas is a library for data manipulation and analysis. Two main structures: Series: One-dimensional data. DataFrame: Two-dimensional, like a table. Key functions: pd.read_csv() - Reads a CSV file. df.head() - Displays the first rows. df.describe() - Summary statistics. df.isnull() - Detects missing values. --- Feature Scaling Adjusts the scale of features to make them comparable. Techniques: Standardization: (x - mean) / std_dev Normalization: (x - min) / (max - min) --- Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and LDA PCA: Reduces dimensionality by finding components that explain variance. LDA: Linear Discriminant Analysis focuses on m...

  भारत सरकार की प्रमुख योजनाएं :  Note-यह योजनाएं 2014 से 2019 के बीच लागू की गई है। 1. मेक इन इंडिया (Make In India) प्रधानमंत्री ने देश में मैन्युफैक्चरिंग को बढ़ावा देने के उद्देश्य से 25 सितंबर, 2014 को मेक इन इंडिया अभियान का प्रारंभ द्वारा किया गया था। इस कार्यक्रम का उद्देश्य देश की अर्थव्यवस्था को प्रभावित करने वाले विनिर्माण के 25 क्षेत्रों में बदलाव लाना है ताकि रोजगार में वृद्धि हो और बेरोजगारी को दूर किया जा सके। 20 हजार करोड़ की इस योजना ने देश-विदेश के निवेशकों के लिए भारत में व्यापार के द्वार खोल दिए हैं।   2. स्वच्छ भारत अभियान ( Swachh Bharat Abhiyan or Clean India Mission) प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने 2 अक्टूबर, 2014 को गांधी जयंती के दिन स्वच्छ भारत अभियान का शुभारंभ किया था। अभियान का लक्ष्य खुले में शौच को रोकना, प्रत्येक घर में शौचालय का निर्माण करना तथा कचरे का उचित ढंग से निस्तारण करना हैं। लोगों में स्वच्छता के प्रति जागरूकता उत्पन्न करना भी अभियान का मुख्य लक्ष्य है। देश भर में जोर-शोर से क्रियान्वित किया जा रहा यह एक महाअभियान है. इसके तहत 2019...